Common allergies in the UK: house dust mites

House dust mite (HDM) allergy is a prevalent condition in the UK, affecting many individuals with symptoms that can severely impact daily life. Unlike the seasonal discomfort caused by the tree and grass pollen seasons, HDM allergy symptoms can persist throughout the year, often worsening at night or early in the morning. Understanding this common allergy, its symptoms, and the available allergy treatment options can offer significant allergy relief to those affected.

What is a house dust mite allergy?

House dust mites are minuscule creatures, barely a quarter of a millimetre long, thriving in the warm and humid conditions of our homes. They feed on the dead skin cells humans shed, which have been partially broken down by moulds. These mites are predominantly found in areas rich in skin scales, such as bedding, carpets, soft furnishings, and clothing. While it's a challenge to completely eliminate these mites from our homes, understanding how to manage and reduce exposure to them is key to controlling allergy symptoms.

Symptoms of house dust mite allergy

Symptoms of HDM allergy are present year-round but may become more pronounced during the night or upon waking. These symptoms include:

• Cough and wheeze, which can disrupt sleep and daily activities.

• Runny or blocked nose, making breathing difficult and often leading to sinus issues.

• Itchy, watery eyes and sneezing may also occur, adding to the discomfort.

• For those with asthma or eczema, exposure to house dust mite allergens can exacerbate these conditions, leading to more severe symptoms.

Treatments and Solutions

Reducing allergen exposure

While eradicating HDMs entirely from the home is impossible, taking steps to reduce allergen exposure can significantly alleviate symptoms. Regular cleaning, particularly of bedding, carpets, and soft furnishings, is essential. Using mattress and pillow protectors can also help. Additionally, increasing ventilation and maintaining a low humidity level in the home can make the environment less hospitable to mites.

Allergy medicines

A range of allergy meds is available to manage HDM allergy symptoms. Non-sedating antihistamines can provide relief from sneezing, itching, and runny noses, while allergy nasal sprays and prescription nose sprays can help alleviate nasal congestion. For those with more severe symptoms, allergy immunotherapy (allergy injections, tablets or drops) may be recommended by a specialist.

Allergen barrier measures

Applying an allergen barrier balm around the nostrils can trap allergens before they enter the nasal passages, providing an additional layer of protection.

Allergen immunotherapy

In cases of severe HDM allergy, allergen-specific immunotherapy might be appropriate. This treatment involves gradually increasing exposure to the allergen to build up tolerance. It requires an initial assessment by a GP, followed by a referral to an allergy or immunology specialist. However, it's important to note that this treatment may not be funded by the NHS.

Living with house dust mite allergy

Managing house dust mite allergies requires a proactive approach to reduce allergen exposure. This can be achieved through regular cleaning, using allergy relief measures, and taking appropriate allergy medicine. Tailored advice and treatment plans from healthcare providers and allergists at Airyn can also help manage symptoms effectively.